Processing corn for beef cows can increase digestibility by 5 - 10 percent, according to Greg Lardy, Extension Beef Cattle Specialist at North Dakota State University. Corn provides the needed amount of energy for finishing, but should be mixed with protein to balance the health benefits. Whole, unprocessed corn is nutritiously equal to processed corn, but is less efficient converting corn to energy. Corn processing includes ground corn, flaked, steamed and high moisture. NDSU warns that ground corn should not be fed in large quantities as it ferments faster and can cause problems in the rumen.
Whole Corn
Whole corn is the most economic form of feeding corn to cattle. According to Dr. Stephen Blezinger's article Grain Processing Has Positive Affects On Production II in Cattle Today, nutritional and management consultant, a recent study shows that cattle fed whole corn are able to glean the starch from the kernels and less likely to experience bloating. Whole corn takes longer for cattle to digest, thus slowing feed-to-energy efficiency. Nonetheless, bloating can occur during rapid fermentation in the rumen.
Ground Corn
Ground corn is whole corn that is pulverized in a grain mill to produce smaller grounds. Ground corn is easier for cattle to digest and increases the availability of starch. Consequently, grinding the corn can result in fine grounds and dust that is never consumed by cattle. The amount of corn lost to dust may combat energy efficiency costs of processing ground corn.
Steam Flaked Corn
Steam flaked corn is the most common and intensive form of corn processing fed in feedlots according to Purdue University Animal Science. Corn is processed by submitting it to high heat and moisture. The corn is then pressed to help the heat and moisture enter the kernels and expand the starch matrix. The amylopectin is unable to form it's original structure, resulting in higher enzymatic activity.
High Moisture Corn
High moisture corn is harvested at 22 - 28 percent moisture and stored wet. High moisture corn ferments faster and therefore requires storage in airtight silos or bunker bags. Rolling and grinding the corn prior to storing, will increase preservation by allowing more oxygen to escape the silo. Feeding high moisture corn increases energy efficiency as well as reduces the cost of drying. Nonetheless, proper management is needed to prevent feeding spoiled corn.
Greg Lardy. Feeding Corn to Beef Cattle. North Dakota State University Agriculture and University Extension. 2002.
Stephen B. Blezinger. Grain Processing Has Positive Affects On Production I I. Cattle Today.
